Bella+Issa+Q3



French Revolution 1. What three factors lef to the start of the French Revolution?

- Social inequalities - Financial problems - famine - debt - Enlightenment ideas cause people to question society.

"People have a natural right to life, liberty, and property. Rulers have a responsibility to protect these rights. People have the right to change a government that fails to do so." (Locke)
 * Locke is basically saying that people have natural rights, they have the right to life and property etc. If the government takes advantage of these rights and does not protect them then the people are able to and have the power to change the government. This relates to the French revolution because the government took advantage of peoples life and property and the people ended up changing the government.

Might think Government not helping people ||< Maybe more rights for church || If you are progressive, you don't like absolute monarchy ||< Depends on political ideas || Problems with Taxes No proper representation ||< Many changes desired || Problem with Taxes No proper representation ||< Many changes desired || Problem with taxes. No proper representation Problems with unfair laws ||< Many changes desired. || Still taxed ||< Many changes desired ||
 * < **Person** ||< **Estate** ||< **Privileges/ Complaints** ||< **Changes Desired** ||
 * < Nun ||< 1st ||< Not Taxed
 * < Priest ||< 1st ||< Not taxed ||< Indifferent ||
 * < Nobleman ||< 2nd ||< Not taxed
 * < Banker ||< 3rd ||< Money
 * < Manufacturer ||< 3rd ||< Money
 * < Lawyer ||< 3rd ||< Money
 * < Peasant ||< 3rd ||< No food, no jobs, no social mobility
 * < Member of Royal Family ||< 2nd ||< Lots of privileges ||< No changes desired ||
 * < Journeyman ||<  ||<   ||< Changes that will benefit you ||
 * < Servant ||< 3rd ||< Lots of complaints ||<  ||

Article 6 states that all men are equal in the eyes of the law. It is significant because the old regime did not guarantee equal rights before the law.

The two documents use enlightenment ideas. They both have the central idea that men deserve equal rights.

Declaration of Independence - Written to delcare Independence from UK. - Written to break the Social Contact with the King.

Declaration of Rights of Man and the Citizen - A declaration of the rights French people deserve. - Written in 1789

Both - Documents discuss freedom. - Both documents inspired revolution. - Separation of Church and State - Inspired by Englightenment ideas.

1. What were some of Jacques Necker's financial recommendations to Louis XVI?

2. Why was the Committee of Public Safety created?

3. Why did Napoleon rise to power so quickly?

4. What reforms did Napoleion introduce as leader of France?

5. If you were a French voter in 1803, how woul you have voted on the plebiscite to make Napoleion emperor? Explain.

6. How did Nap

Napoleon Rise to Power - Born in Corsica - Minor nobles - Trained in France for military - Favored Jacobins - Successful military career from 1793- 1799

Rise of Political career - Helped overthrow the weak Directory - Replaced it with the Consulate - New Constitution - Took title of First Consul - 1802: Consul for life - 1804: Crowned himself emperor - Plebiscite

Domestic policy - Strenghened the central government - Controlled prices, encouraged new industry and built roads and canals - Public school under governement control - Concordat of 1801: kept church under state control but allowed religios freedom for Catholics - Emigres to return - Peasants kept lands bought during revolution - Jobs :open to all talent" - Napoleonic Code: Equality, religious tolerations and meritocracy - Women lost right of citizenship

Britain holds out - 1805: Battle of Trafalgar, British Admiral Horatio Nelson defeated French fleet - Continental System: Closed European ports to British goods - British responded with a naval blockade

"It is better to eat than be eaten" "If you want something done well, do it yourself."

What events led to Napolean's downfall? - Batlle of the Nations Leipzig - Exile to Elba and return

Define: 1. Revolution: the overthrowing of a government. 2.Technology: The application of science so as to improve human living conditions. Technology can also deteriorate living conditions. 3. Nationalism: Feeling of patriotism and loyalty to a cultural group. 4. Liberalism: Open to new revolutionary ideas. 5. Conservation: Want society to stay as is or revert to old ideas. 6. Ideology: System that serves as a foundation for political and economic theories and policies. 7. Recession: When an economy experiences a decline in growth.

Dynamo of Michael Faraday Description: is a device converting the energy of motion to that of an electric current. Dynamos were the first electrical generators capable of delivering power for industry, and the foundation upon which many other later electric-power conversion devices were based, including the [|electric motor], the alternating-current [|alternator] , and the [|rotary converter]. They are rarely used for power generation now because of the dominance of [|alternating current], the disadvantages of the commutator, and the ease of converting alternating to direct current using [|solid state] methods. invented in 1831 Impact:Made things work faster and man didnt have to sit down and work the machine Connections to Today: is still used today but the new version and is called the generator.

5) What was the main reason the industrial revolution started in Great Britain?
 * The industrial revolution started in Great Britain because Britain had a good economy, they had moeny, they were able to invest in new factories etc. The government supported the citizens and wanted to start businesses. Natural resources were abundant in Britian and rivers were necessary for power. England had a better river system than many other European counties. Because they had a better river that meant better trade and because they had better trader they could supply with better goods, causing them to be more powerful ands successful than other countries at that time.

Industrialization
Beefits - some people became more wealthy - New technolgy made life easier - Surplus of Food - Greater specialization - Growth of town into cities - Population growth - Social classes changed

Challenges - Horrible working conditions - People were working long hours, no right to profit - Position of women - New challenges - No worker rights - Come people were displaced by machines

How was Karl Marx's Communist Manifesto a reflection of the times he lived in? - Lived during the Industrial Revolution - Lived in Germany and England. Witnessed unfair working conditions of factory workers in England and Germany. He noticed that the middle class capitalist were living very well. People working in factories living in horrible conditions. - Important ideas in the Communist Manifesto: - Government should own the factors of production. - The government should be in charge of the entire economy. - Once the government controls the economy, there will be no social classes. The government will make sure everyone gets equal amounts of everything. - The history of humankind is the history of class struggles. workers of the world, UNITE - The ideal life is the communal life. - To live communally- to live with each other in a place where everyone has equal amounts of everything. - Ideas were not popular at first

What were the technological social and economic effects of the Industrial Revolution?

A new social order rises - the social order of the western world changed due to the industrial revolution - the two man classes with nobles and peasants but by the spread of the industry a more complex social structure emerged. - by the late 1800s - upper class was rich business familes - middle class - lower middle class- teachers and office workers

- workers made up more than 30 percent of the populate and they were at the bottom of the social ladder. - by mid century the modern middle class had developed their own way of life which was a very proper social behavior. - there were rules on how to dress for every occasion. - every middle class household was supposed to have a cook and maid and if they behaved bad it reflected on the family. - earlier the women would help run family businesses out of home but later the men were supposed to go to work and earn enough to keep the wife at home to rase the children, direct servants and do religious things - cult of domesticity- books, magazines, and popular songs.. idealized woman and the home. - women were protesting restrictions on women, they wanted fairness in marriage, divorce and property laws. - these women supported the temperance movement which limited the alcoholic beverages. - women were not allowed to vote and were banned from most schools. The property was controlled by either the father or husband of the woman. - While women were campaigning for the abolition of slavery they realized the restrictions of their own lives. they worked on abolition slavery before they organized a movement for women's rights. (elizabeth cady stanton, susan b. anthony) - women then training for becoming doctors and lawyers. - women began getting more freedom, in some areas they could vote and were owning land. - child education was now wanted and reformers were persuading the governments to set it up. - they thought that in order to better citizens they should all be able to read write and arithmetic. - elementary schools were primitive. only attended class when they were not needed in farm or shops. Quality of education improved. Teachers received training. schooling became compulsory. high schools were created. only middle class families could afford these schools and this trained these children for more serious jobs. - More collages and universities came about and these curriculums emphasized ancient history, languages religion and law. - Some women sought greater educational opportunities, and some small colleges for women opened - Bedford College in England. - Mount Holyoke in the USA - Science in the service of industry brought great changes. - John Dalton developed the atomic theory and the ancient greeks had figured out that all matter was made of tiny particles called atoms. - Charles Darwin argued that all forms of life including human begins had evolved into their present state over millions of years. - Darwin never promoted any social ideas, some thinkers used his theories to support their own belief about society. - This was called social darwinism and it encouraged racism. - Religion continued to be a major force in the Western society. Churches and synagogues remained at the center of communities. - the realities of industrial life stimulated feelings of compassion and charity. - many protestant churches backed the social gospel which was a movement that urged christians to social service.