Bella+Issa+Q4

1) Describe the early changes that promoted German unity.
 * The early changes that promoted German'y unity was emigration. anarchists and the congress of Vienna opposed unification.

2) Explain how Bismarck unified Germany.

3) Describe the German empire's political organization.
 * The unified German empires political structure had a two house legislature. The rulers of the German states appointed the Bundesrat or the upper house; The Bunderstrat could veto any decisions that the Reichstag made. The Reichstag, or lower house, was elected by universal male suffrage. The real/supreme power remained in the hands of the emperor and his chancellor.

4) Define Realpolitik
 * Policy based on-power rather than on ideals. The term realpolitik was coined by Otto von Bismarck, and in German means "the politics of reality." Foreign policy based on practical rather than ethical or ideological considerations.

Explain why Bismarck was called the Iron Chancellor. - Within a decade Bismarck became the Iron Chancellor. This was the highest official of a monarch and used the policy of blood and iron to unite the German states under Prussian rule.

Czar Alexander III

What is your day to day life like? : My father and brother died and I am now the ruler of Russia. I am in control of the countries foreign affairs and I stabilized the Russian government. I also spent my days maintaining peace with my European and Asian neighbors.

What reforms do you want to see in russia? : Alexander I, my father, had very liberal laws and I wanted to change that. I opposed a representative government and was very passionate in supporting Russias nationalism. I believe that each nation must only contain one nationality, language, religion and form of administration. I began Russification of national minorities, which was making each person Russian in the Russian Empire and I persecuted non-orthodox religious groups. Persecuted Jewish people Wiped out liberals and revolutionaries. Increased the power of secret police and restored strict censorship and exiled critics to Siberia.

What is your opinion of the Czars and the Russian monarchy? :My family improved the Russian monarchy greatly. I was known as Czar the peacemaker. My father was very liberal and I changed that to a more strict government. I believe that the Czars ruling Russia was was best ruling that Russia ever got.

How did industrialization affect your life? :Although the country became economically prosperous it suffered all of the ills of industrialization with movement of the population into the cities, many people chasing jobs resulting in low wages and a couple of years of poor crops. I was not open to Industrializing the russian monarchy and when we should have been focusing on adjusting the government to the modern ways I decided to continue to strengthen the government. I believed that strengthening the autocratic rule at the expense of the working class and peasantry was my first priority and so I wanted to focus on that before focusing on industrialization.

What do you think is the best system of government for Russia? : The best system of government for Russia is one that is in control and strict. . My government was the best system for Russia because under my ruling the empire remained at peace except for minor issues. The relationship between Russia and England was improved greatly and France replaced Germany as Russias ally.

Industrialization - political and social problems increased - more illnesses

What conditions do you think affect progress in Russa:

The law of Aug. 14, 1881, empowered the government to declare a state of emergency. Administrative officials in the areas under the emergency regime were vested with broad extrajudicial and executive powers: arrest, imposition of fines, and confiscation of property without trial; transfer of cases from criminal court jurisdiction to that of military tribunals; the closing of schools; the suspension of periodicals; and the removal of officials.

The act of 1890 introduced significant restrictions in the organization of the provincial assemblies.

The act of 1892 limited the right to vote in municipal elections to owners of real estate of a specified value and to proprietors of important commercial and industrial enterprises.

Great Birtian - Magna Carta - Glorious Revolution and Bill of Rights - British common law - Creation of Parliament - Constitutional monarchy

France - Declaration of the Rights of man and the citizen - Introduced the plebiscite - Napoleonic Code

United States - Declaration of Independence

- US Constitution - US Bill of Rights - Separation of powers - social contract

Describe the values Queen Victoria represented?
 * Queen Victoria was the symbol in British Life.

She embodied the values of her age which was duty, thrift, honesty, hard word and respectability She embraced strict codes of morals and manners.

Democracy in Britain (Gladstone & Disreali) Tories Consercative Party - Reform Bill of 1867 giving the vote to working class men. - An aggressive foreign policy - did not favor home rule of Ireland

Whigs (Gladstone) Liberal Party - Universal Suffrage - Introduced the Secret Ballot - Not an aggressive foreign policy - Favored home rule for Ireland