Juvens+Mizero

11/15/10 Juvens Mizero 10 B Social Studies Ms. Clough Wiki Spaces: Assignment 1

__The Search For Spices__ Crusades introduced Europeans to the goods that Asia had to offer. The ever increasing population of Europe made people more dependent on trade as it served to bring what people wanted and needed. People also went ahead in search of land, to convert people to their religion, etc. This was something started up by the Portuguese, primarily Prince Henry. The Portuguese traveled through Africa to find a new, easier route to Asia. On the way they converted Africans from tribal practices or Islam to Christianity. After Henry's death, explorer Vasco Da Gama took over. He established trading posts in Africa and men to fortify the region. The Portuguese's success encouraged Christopher Columbus to take part in this activity. The Portuguese refused, so Columbus went to the Spaniards and asked them for help. Columbus found two new continents instead of a new passage to Asia. Spanish Explorer Ferdinand Magellan and some of his men traveled around the world by sea. On the way back Magellan was killed, as well as most of his men (due to succumbing to the effects of scurvy)

__Item of Great Importance__ Uranium is controlled by the world's super powers. Being benefited with the technology to mine this mineral as well as use it in warfare, these countries are able to further exert their power. Smaller nations do not have access to these things and can not hope to due to costs, lack of availability, and that uranium based weapons could be used against them.

__Portuguese Take Hold of Overseas Trade__ Portugal's location made it easier for the Portuguese to trade with the Mediterranean. Also Portuguese were the first people to think about converting the people they came across to Christianity. This and many other things the Portuguese did in relation to overseas trade were for the most part inspired by Prince Henry also called Henry the Navigator (he never did leave on overseas voyages but just knew much about and financed them).

__Turbulent Centuries in Africa__ Portuguese set up trade posts in West Africa. As a precautionary measure, the Portuguese forts or strongholds consisting of men with much firepower. Arab traders in the region were driven out soon after this. The Portuguese stayed by the coast rather than inland due to them not having any maps of the region. The Portuguese became more dependent on slave labor as spice demand grew. They gave strong tribes guns in exchange of slaves from the weaker tribes. Several attempts were made by African leaders were made to stop the slave trade but maintain contact with Europe. The Portuguese ignored this and simply went on doing things as they did. Slave trade dominated the lives of many people. The Yoruba people of present day Nigeria were the one group that prospored during this dark era. They established a government known as the Oyo empire. The Oyo empire worked things to their advantage. During the 1600's, things in Africa became worse, more and more people were being enslaved,cultural languages and practices were being diminished, etc.

11/18/10 Juvens Mizero 10 B Social Studies Ms. Clough Wiki Spaces: Assignment 2

__Portuguese Exploration__ The Portuguese began exploring Africa in hopes of finding slave labor. Slave labor saved costs nothing so it made trade more profitable. This would make impact on Sout and Southeast Asian nations come into turmoil. __Euroepan Footholds In Asia__ Portuguese spread in the the India Ocean. The Mughal Empire had at the time controlled trade in the region. Portuguese took over Goa, off the coast of India. They also set up a strong trading industry in the area which was backed up by military strength. Portuguese also tried to assert further control by uniting the people under one religion, Christiaitnity. Only little progress was made though (few millions of people were converted). Dutch rose against Portuguese and some even went to establish the Dutch East India company in the Mughal area. Dutch also form their own monopoly in the spice islands, controlling trade between Europe and Asia. Spain does not wish to have the Dutch and Portuguese ahead of them, so they control the Phillipines. Suppression of Islam i in conjunction with increasing trade led the Mughal empre falling apart.

11/19/10 Juvens Mizero 10 B Social Studies Ms. Clough Wiki Spaces: Assignment 3

__Conquest In the America's__ In 1492, Christopher Columus lands in the Carribean. Columbus' visits had a cycle to them; encounter to conquer to death. Despite the kind intentions of the Tainos (first people Columbus met in the West Indies), Colombus killed them all. Tainos grew cotton and crops. Disease, and superior European weaponry contiributed to the extinction of the Tainos From the Caribbean, Spanish explorers studied the coast of America. They often told friends of the success and wealth they attained in the Americas. Hernan Cortex, conqueror of the Aztecs was a wealthy landowner who wished to make profit in Mexico.Montezuma presented Cortes with gifts so as to drive him away but this did not work.When the Aztecs failed to follow Spanish rule, their leader was imprisoned and then forced to give up his land and wealth. While Cortes was at the height of his owner, a new Spanish conqueror and his band of Indians aided the Aztecs to drive out the Cortes and his group.This leader, Pizzaro got the Aztecs to band with him against the Incas in Peru(10,000 of which were killed) so that he could acquire silver. A few years later Pizarro was killed by a rival in the city of Lima, which he himself had established.Atahualpa the ruler of the Inca was held in Pizarro's custody. Atahualpa was killed even though the ransom was payed.

__Activities__ 1. Introduction to European disease led to Native populations in America from either declining sharply or extinction. Rather than band together against the European threat, the Native tribes went against each other. Prosperity, peace, and stability were are diminished were lost in response to this. 2. Cortes and Pizzaro took advantage of the people they met in the Americas, using better education and weapons to dominate them. 3. A short term effect that the Spanish had on the people of peoples of America would be their absolute control over them. Long term effects would be that the Native populations could not recover, so many tradititons.

11/23/10 Juvens Mizero 10 B Social Studies Ms. Clough Wiki Spaces: Assignment 4

__Spanish & Portuguese Conquest in the Americas__ After the conquistadors, Spanish colonists and missionaries soon followed. By the 1500's, Spain's empire went from California to South America. The Land was divided into 4 provinces,the two most important being New Spain (Mexico) and Peru. The Catholic Church worked with Spain's government to bring the religion and cultural aspects of the Spaniards to the natives. Colonists could only export raw silver and gold to Spain. Also by law, Spanish colonies could only purchase Spanish goods. To further assert control in north America, the Spanish government granted conquistadors the right to demand labor (tribute) from the natives. One Spanish priest decided to go against this belief but was brought down. Later, the Spanish used African slaves to further production in the region. Within a few generations, African and their American-born descendants outnumbered European settlers in America. Some enslaved Africans earned enough money to buy their freedom. Others resisted capture by rebelling, running away or committed suicide. The colonial Spanish society was grouped in several categories; Peninsulares: Spanish/Portuguese born, Creoles: American born Portuguese/Spanish, Mestizo: Mixed African and Spanish/Portuguese, Mulatto: Mixed Native American and Spanish/Portuguese. Towns and cities were lively and had enriched cultures due to the blend of the various groups that populated the region. Education soon became of value in the colonies since the Church was in need of workers. Tupian Indians of Brazil were wiped out by European diseases. Brazil wood which produced valuable dye came to substitue gold and silver in this Portuguese colony. Dutch, English and French used many ways to limit further expansion of the Spanish and Portuguese. Pirate raids in support of the European governments, prohibiting the arrival of Portuguese and Spanish were the ways in which the Dutch, English, and French tried to remain above Spanish/Portuguese influence.

__Struggle for North America__ French, Dutch, English, and Spanish established prominent settlements in North America. Dutch and English colonists settled North in Canada and foremost norhern parts of America were they developed a strong fishing and furs economy. Spanish commanded a plantation economy encompassed half of North America. French had originally sought after Canada and named it New France as well as some parts of the middle US. Disputes between the French and English and later the Spanish forced them to cede much of Canada to the English (leaving Quebec behind).

__Spread of Christianity__: lll

__Great Person Theory__: Queen Elizabeth; Charisma = 4 ,Intelligence = 5,Determination = 5 ,Problem-solving Skills = 5 ,Decision-making skills = 4, Leadership Style = 5, Importance = 5, Achievements = 5, Relevance to Contemporary History = 5.

(1) || Below Average (2) || Average (3) || Above Average (4) || Outstanding (5) ||
 * || Poor
 * Charisma ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Intelligence ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Determination ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Ability to Problem-Solve ||  ||   || 3 ||   ||   ||
 * Decision-Making Ability ||  || 2 ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Describe the person's leadership style ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Significance to others ||  ||   || 3 ||   ||   ||
 * Evidence of Achievements ||  ||   || 3 ||   ||   ||
 * Relevance to Contemporary History ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Overall Impact on History ||  ||   ||   || Score: || 34 ||
 * Overall Impact on History ||  ||   ||   || Score: || 34 ||

Comments (write a paragraph): I think that the information that the Queen collected on herself was pretty well done. Some things could have been improved for example, she mentioned decision-making skills but did not explain them. There was some evidence of problem solving through the explanation focused on one aspect of this.

__British/ French Rivalry__ The French laid claim to many parts of the new world first. As a result, the English do no have the right to drive them out. The English should not have expanded their borders as far as they could because it would just cause problems for everyone. If the groups could co exist peacefully with each group getting what they want (British = more lands, French: Keep Canada under French rule).

11/30/10 Juvens Mizero 10 B Social Studies Ms. Clough Wiki Spaces: Assignment 5

Columbus started what is now known the Columbian Exchange. Europeans brought back plants such as pumpkins, potatoes, peppers, tomatoes, etc. They also brought plants to the Americas well such as wheat and grapes. The Columbus Exchange is in part, the main reason why things turned out the way they did in today's world. As wealth increased, so did the price of commercial products. In the end many European nations faced inflation. To get by this, several divisions set out to change their policies or adopt new ones such as the book keeping method that Arab merchants used to keep track of business transactions.

1. The commercial revolution was the period of time when Europe opened direct trade links with Asia, Africa and the Americas. Profits increase while prices go up as well. In order to escape inflation, Europeans established a new trade policy, mercantilism. 2. Mercantilism was the belief that trade can be improved if those involved are willing to accept policies alien to them becuase these ideas proved fruitful for others. As a result, some European and colonial economies adopted the book keeping method that Arab merchants used to keep track of profits and losses of their ventures. Also countries wished to export more than they imported. To ensure that this was followed throughout the region, colonies could only get goods from the mother country. 3. During the European Exploration period, European colonists would often take over the settlements of the people in the region as well as valuable plants, ores, etc. This was of doing things was most commonly used by Christopher Columbus, and was later termed the Columbian Exchange as a result.

12/07/10 Juvens Mizero 10 B Social Studies Ms. Clough Wiki Spaces: Assignment 5

Please complete the following evaluation of the Great Person visiting the classroom today: __Phillip II__

1) Report Card for Great Individuals (1) || Below Average  (2) || Average  (3) || Above Average  (4) || Outstanding  (5) ||
 * || Poor
 * Charisma ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Intelligence ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Determination ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Ability to Problem-Solve ||  ||   || 3 ||   ||   ||
 * Decision-Making Ability ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Describe the person's leadership style ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Significance to others ||  ||   || 3 ||   ||   ||
 * Evidence of Achievements ||  ||   || 3 ||   ||   ||
 * Relevance to Contemporary History ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Overall Impact on History ||  ||   ||   || Score: || 32 ||
 * Overall Impact on History ||  ||   ||   || Score: || 32 ||

Comments (write a paragraph): Phillip II was for the most part a great leader. What he could have done to raise his standards, he could have learned more about the English beforehand, thus allowing him victory over them. _ __Spanish Power Grows__ Charles I of Spain inherits the Hapsburg Empire after the death of his grandfather. Charles was later renamed Charlies V. Charles V abdicated his titles, leaving the Netherlands territories to his brother Ferdinand and Spain to his son Phillip (later renamed Phillip II). Phillip II was a ruler who never jousted or participated in other forms of merriment. Instead he devoted his time to government affairs and lived as a monk. Phillip II married many European queen so as to make ties with their nations, extending the his influence. He went on to claim more territories in Europe and the Americas, aspired the gold and silver trade in the Americas, etc. The period of time from 1550 to 1560 was referred to as "El Siglio de Oro" or Spain's "Golden Age." England's queen encouraged pirates to steal Spanish treasures and for the Protestants of the Netherlands to revolt against Spanish rule. These events and insufficient leaders after Phillip II led to Spain's power diminishing.

__France Under Louis XIV__ France was divided into two sects, Huguenots (Protestants) and Catholics. Huguenot Prince Henry IV took to power and sought to restore France after outbreaks between Catholics and Huguenots resulted in the country tearing apart. A few years later Henry IV was killed by an assassin. Cardinal Michelieu guided Henry IV' s son Louis XIV and diminished the power of the nobles and the Huguenots since they did not respect the monarchy. When Michelieu died, Louis XIV took to the throne and ruled with absolute power. During his 72 year reign, Louis XIV turned France into the most powerful nation in Europe.

Please complete the following evaluation of the Great Person visiting the classroom today: __Louis XIV__

1) Report Card for Great Individuals (1) || Below Average  (2) || Average  (3) || Above Average  (4) || Outstanding  (5) ||
 * || Poor
 * Charisma ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Intelligence ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Determination ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Ability to Problem-Solve ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Decision-Making Ability ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Describe the person's leadership style ||  ||   || 3 ||   ||   ||
 * Significance to others ||  ||   || 3 ||   ||   ||
 * Evidence of Achievements ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Relevance to Contemporary History ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Overall Impact on History ||  ||   ||   || Score: || 37 ||
 * Overall Impact on History ||  ||   ||   || Score: || 37 ||

12/09/10 Juvens Mizero 10 B Social Studies Ms. Clough Wiki Spaces: Assignment 6

__Parliament Triumphs in England__ England was ruled by Tudor monarchs who often asked support from parliament in most affairs. After the death of Elizabeth I, a new family took to the throne. The members rules as absolute monarchs, often coming into conflict with Parliament. The English people were fed up with the monarchy ruling above all things so they made a plan; capture the king and force him to give up most of his power. In the end, a new oligarchy rises, where the rights of the poor seem to be ignored. The new head of parliament is called the prime minister and the government is divided into two separate branches; House of Commons & House of Lords.

__Letter to King Louis XIV__ Dear King Louis, I have heard much of the success that you have endured while in power as well the failures. You established yourself as an absolute monarch and had a well-maintained army that enforces your policies both at home and abroad. For the most part you were a good ruler, although there were some things that you could have done better. Rather than reversing the Edict of Nantes, which granted Huguenots rights, you should have made it so that Huguenots and Catholics alike were treated the same in all affairs, not just allowing one group to believe what it believes. This would have brought unity amongst the people and made the decline of the French population and in turn prosperity not come to pass.

12/10/10 Juvens Mizero 10 B Social Studies Ms. Clough Wiki Spaces: Assignment 7

Please complete the following evaluation of the Great Person visiting the classroom today: __Catherine the Great__

1) Report Card for Great Individuals (1) || Below Average  (2) || Average  (3) || Above Average  (4) || Outstanding  (5) ||
 * || Poor
 * Charisma ||  ||   || 3 ||   ||   ||
 * Intelligence ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Determination ||  ||   || 3 ||   ||   ||
 * Ability to Problem-Solve ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Decision-Making Ability ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Describe the person's leadership style ||  ||   || 3 ||   ||   ||
 * Significance to others ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Evidence of Achievements ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Relevance to Contemporary History ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Overall Impact on History ||  ||   ||   || Score: || 37 ||
 * Overall Impact on History ||  ||   ||   || Score: || 37 ||

01/04/10 Juvens Mizero 10 B Social Studies Ms. Clough Wiki Spaces: Assignment 8

1) Report Card for Great Individuals: Voltaire (1) || Below Average  (2) || Average  (3) || Above Average  (4) || Outstanding  (5) ||
 * || Poor
 * Charisma ||  ||   || 3 ||   ||   ||
 * Intelligence ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Determination ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Ability to Problem-Solve ||  ||   || 3 ||   ||   ||
 * Decision-Making Ability ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Describe the person's leadership style ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Significance to others ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Evidence of Achievements ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Relevance to Contemporary History ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Overall Impact on History ||  ||   ||   || Score: || 32 ||
 * Overall Impact on History ||  ||   ||   || Score: || 32 ||

While Voltaire had some faults and often got into tricky situations, he managed to get his ideas of promoting order, stability, and religious tolerance across. Those that followed him prospered, while those who rejected them later faced some serious repercussions.

01/06/10 Juvens Mizero 10 B Social Studies Ms. Clough Wiki Spaces: Assignment 9

__Enlightenment Ideas Spread__ Pars, France was said to be the hear of the Enlightenment. Enlightenment ideas spread throughout Europe shortly after being put out. Wealthy, educated people bought Diderot encyclopedia. Enlightenment philosophers believed that everything should be judged by reason and science. Church and government saw these views as a threat and censored topics relating to these ideas since they felt it was their duty to protect the old order that God established for them. Music and art at the time had changed to suit Enlightenment ideas. Some monarchs allowed for Enlightenment ideals to take root in their nations, but stepped back when they felt that the change would negatively affect their power. Other monarchs preferred to stay absolutist, feeling that Enlightenment ideas were just a waste of time. Fredric the Great (Prussian monarch) made the laws easier and granted religious tolerance. Catherine the Great used ideals from the Enlightenment to help her expand the Russian empire.

1) Report Card for Great Individuals: Thomas Hobbes

(1) || Below Average (2) || Average (3) || Above Average (4) || Outstanding (5) || Hobbes presented his ideas on government well but it was not something that would sway someone like me to wish for the same.
 * || Poor
 * Charisma ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Intelligence ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Determination ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Ability to Problem-Solve ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Decision-Making Ability ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Describe the person's leadership style ||  ||   || 3 ||   ||   ||
 * Significance to others ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Evidence of Achievements ||  ||   || 3 ||   ||   ||
 * Relevance to Contemporary History ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Overall Impact on History ||  ||   ||   || Score: || 37 ||
 * Overall Impact on History ||  ||   ||   || Score: || 37 ||

__Birth of the Republic__ British government imposed harsh taxes and treated colonists in their territories as if they were not citizens. Colonists protested that they should not be taxed without anyone to represent them in Parliament as doing so was unjust. The struggles of the colonists forced them to go against Britain. For many of their fights, the Americans were at a disadvantage since many troops were inexperienced and lacked money. The tides soon turned when powerful leaders such as Thomas Jefferson and the people became familiar with their terrain, using it to create hiding places and set other traps to capture unsuspecting British troops. At the end of the battle, the English colonies formed a new nation, the United States.

1) Report Card for Great Individuals: Thomas Jefferson

(1) || Below Average (2) || Average (3) || Above Average (4) || Outstanding (5) || Jefferson was a very talented (Scientist, Inventor, Architect, Political Theorist, and one the people that drafted the Constitution) and well ordered man.
 * || Poor
 * Charisma ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Intelligence ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Determination ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Ability to Problem-Solve ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Decision-Making Ability ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Describe the person's leadership style ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Significance to others ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Evidence of Achievements ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Relevance to Contemporary History ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Overall Impact on History ||  ||   ||   || Score: || 37 ||
 * Overall Impact on History ||  ||   ||   || Score: || 37 ||