Emma+Bunting+Q3

(1) || Below Average (2) || Average (3) || Above Average (4) || Outstanding (5) ||
 * Adam Smith**
 * || Poor
 * Charisma ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Intelligence ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Determination ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Ability to Problem-Solve ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Decision-Making Ability ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Describe the person's leadership style ||  ||   || 3 ||   ||   ||
 * Significance to others ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Evidence of Achievements ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Relevance to Contemporary History ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Overall Impact on History ||  ||   ||   || Score: || 35 ||
 * Overall Impact on History ||  ||   ||   || Score: || 35 ||

What three factors led to the start of the French Revolution? 1. Financial Problems 2. Social Inequalities 3. Enlightenment Ideas cause people to question society

"People have a natural right to life, liberty and property. Rulers have a responsibility to protect these rights. People have the right to change a government that fails to do so." (Locke) Liberty, Equality and Fraternity.

Locke's quote on people's right to life, liberty and property relates to the French Revolution because when the people thought that Marie Antoinette and Louis XVI were not meeting the needs of the people, such as their hunger, or not benefiting the country in any way, then they decided to carry out a series of revolts in order to change the government. They attacked the Bastille and wanted the Declaration of the Rights of Men to be signed, which stated that the sovereignty belongs to the people and the nation. They also demanded a constitutional monarchy which stated equal rights for all men.

Might think Government not helping people || Maybe more rights for church ||  || If you are progressive, you don't like the absolute monarchy || Depends on political ideas ||  || Problems with Taxes T || Many changes desired ||  || Problem with Taxes No proper representation || Many changed desired ||  || Problem with Taxes No proper representation Problems with unfair or outdated laws || Many changes desired ||  || No jobs No social mobility Still taxed || Many changes desired ||  ||
 * **Person** || **Estate** || **Privileges/Complaints** || **Changes Desired** ||  ||
 * Nun || 1st || Not taxed
 * Priest || 1st || Not taxed || Indifferent ||  ||
 * Nobleman || 2nd || Not taxed
 * Banker || 3rd || Money
 * Manufacturer || 3rd || Money
 * Lawyer || 3rd || Money
 * Peasant || 3rd || No food
 * Member of the Royal Family || 2nd || Lots of privileges || No changes ||  ||
 * Journeyman ||  || No allegiance || Changes that will benefit you ||   ||
 * Servant || 3rd || Lots of complaints ||  ||   ||

1. Article 6 states that ALL men are equal in the eyes of the law. It is especially significant because the old regime did not guarantee equal rights before the law. 2. The two documents use enlightenment ideas. They both have the central idea that men are equal and deserve equal rights.

Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen - a declaration of the rights French people deserve

Similarities - both inspired revolution - both discuss separation of church and state - both documents discuss freedom - inspired by Enlightenment ideas

Declaration of Independence - written in 1776 - written to declare independence from Britain

1. What were some of Jacques Necker's financial recommendations to Louis XVI? -Jacques Necker's financial recommendations to Louis XVI is to reduce extravagant court spending, reform government, abolish burdensome tariffs on internal trade. He proposed taxing the First and Second Estates, but the nobles and high clergy forced the king to dismiss him.

2.Why was the Committee of Public Safety created? - The Committee of Public Safety was created by the National Assembly to eliminate the enemies of the Revolution.

3. Why did Napoleon rise to power so quickly? - Napoleon Bonaparte rose to power quickly because France is in great need of leadership. He has the skill and strategy necessary to overthrow the directory. Politicians turned to him due to him being a hero who had won a series of brilliant victories. They wanted to use him to advance their own goals.

4. What reforms did Napoleon introduce as leader of France? - Napoleon introduces the Napoleonic Code, public education, support of industries, and institutes a meritocracy. He revived the French army by bringing it back to its former glory and allowed them to expand their borders.

5. If you were a French voter in 1803, how would you have voted on the plebiscite to make Napoleon emperor? Explain. - I would have voted yes because I agree on selecting people based on their abilities rather than where their position in society.

6. How did Napoleon come to dominate most of Europe by 1812? - Napoleon came to dominate most of Europe by rebuilding the French revolution. He successfully battled the combined forces of the greatest European powers. He took great risks and suffered huge losses.

7. What challenges threatened Napoleon's empire and what lead to disaster in Russia? - Nationalism becomes Napoleon's greatest enemy. In Russia, Napoleon experiences his greatest defeat in Moscow.

8. How did Napoleon impact Europe and the rest of the World? - Napoleon redrew the map of Europe and he wrote the Napoleonic Code which is still used in France, Italy, and Spain.

- Born in Corsica - Minor nobles - Trained in France for military - Favored Jacobins - Successful military career from 1793-1799
 * Rise to Power**

- Helped overthrow the weak Directory - Replaced it with the Consulate - New Constitution - Took title of First Consul - 1802: Consul for life - 1804: Crowned himself emperor - Plebiscite
 * Rise of political career**

- Strengthened the central government - Controlled prices, encouraged new industry and built roads and canals - Public school under government control - Concordat of 1801: kept church under state control but allowed religious freedom for Catholic - Emigres to return - Peasants kept lands bought during revolution - Jobs "open to all talent" - Napoleonic Code: Equality, religious toleration and meritocracy - Women lost right of citizenship
 * Domestic policy**

- Annexed Netherlands, Belgium, parts of Italy and Germany - Confederation of the Rhine (abolished Holy Roman Empire) - Grand Duchy of Warsaw - Forced diplomacy - Nationalism in France
 * Foreign policy**

- 1805: Battle of Trafalgar, British Admiral Horatio Nelson defeated French fleet - Continental System: Closed European ports to British goods - British responded with a naval blockade (led to war with the USA in 1812)
 * Britain holds out!**


 * Points-of-view on the French Revolt**

__First Estate:__ - They would disagree with the Revolts and would think its going against divine-right and it goes against the Church - Wants status-quo to remain

__Second Estate:__ - They would disagree because they are getting taxed and are going to be overthrown and attacked

__Third Estate:__ - They would be enthusiastic about the Revolts because they are getting rights and representation and feel that it is more just because the other two classes are getting taxed

Great Britain

 Robert Stewart- Lord Castlereagh

Great Britain retained

 * Malta
 * Heligoland
 * the protectorate of the Ionian Isles (the latter by a treaty signed 5 November 1815)
 * Mauritius, Tobago and Santa Lucia from France
 * Ceylon and the Cape of Good Hope from Holland
 * Trinidad from Spain.


 * Define**:

1. __Revolution:__ the overthrowing of a government 2. __Technology__: the application of science so as to improve human living conditions. Technology can also deteriorate living conditions 3. __Nationalism__: Feeling of patriotism and loyalty to a cultural group. 4. __Liberalism__: open to new revolutionary ideas. 5. __Conservatism__: Want society to stay as is or revert to old ideas. 6. __Ideology__: system of ideas that serves as a foundation for political and economic theories and policies. 7. __Recession__: when an economy experiences a decline in growth

A steam engine converts potential energy which exists in pressure as steam and converts the potential energy into a mechanical force. The industrial revolution was triggered by the steam engine. The steam engine made transportantion more efficient. For eg. Boats could go a lot faster when the steam engine was inserted into a boat. Steam engines were also used to heat houses and used for trains. People could ride in trains and boats without having to work. Instead of having to push boats with ore devices. It was easier and faster to transport goods. Prices would drop because less labor was put into the work. New business would start because of transportation methods.
 * Steam Engine by James Watt**

Physiocrats stated that their logical economic system was based on the natural laws of economy. Apart of the natural laws of economy, physiocrats encouraged a policy of laissez faire, which allowed businesses to operate with very little, if any, government interference. However, laissez faire advocates the government's essential role in enforcing contracts as well as ensuring civil order. Laissez faire supports individual self-interest and competition and are against taxation and regulation of commerce. Adam Smith, along with other supporters of laissez faire, thought of trade restrictions, minimum wage laws and product regulation as being harmful to the economic health of a nation. This political and economic doctrine stated that an individual who is working towards personal goals will achieve the best outcome for the society that he is apart of.

Industrialization

- New technology made life easier - Surplus of food - Greater specialization - Growth of town into cities - Population growth - Social classes changed
 * Benefits:**
 * -** Some people became more wealthy

- People were working long hours and barely getting paid, no right to profit - New challenges for the position of women (being paid less than men and having to take care of house and family in the afternoon) - No worker rights - Some people were displaced by machines
 * Challenges:**
 * -** Horrible working conditions

- Lived during the Industrial Revolution (1818-1883) - Lived in Germany and England. Witnessed unfair working conditions of factory workers in England and Germany. He noticed that the middle class capitalist were living very well. People working in factories living in horrible conditions.
 * How was Karl Marx's Communist Manifesto a reflection of the times he lived in?**

- The ideal life is the COMMUNAL life - Government should own the factors of production. The government should be in charge of the entire economy. Once the government controls the economy, there will ne no social classes. The government will make sure everyone get equal amounts of everything "The history of humankind is the history of class struggles... workers of the world, UNITE!"
 * Important ideas in the Communist Manifesto**