Bella+Issa

Girls football match after schoool!!!!

Reasons to explore: - find new trade routes - acquire new riches - to establish overseas empires - Spread the word of God

Portugal Leads -> Columbus Sails

Identify an item that is of great value today - who controls the item? - what prevents people from obtaining?

Write a paragraph: How and why did Portugal take the lead in overseas exploration?

Debate on celebrating Columbus day - Argue for the holiday - Argue against he holiday - Panel

Bauxite: - Guyana -

2. Portugal took the lead in the overseas exploration because Prince Henry got together scientists, map makers and other experts to help explore the Western Coast of Africa.

Turbulent Centuries in Africa Objectives: 1. Describe how Portuguses established footholds on Africa's coasts. 2. Anaylze how European actions affected the slave trade and the rise of African states. 3. Understand how the European presense in Africa expanded.

Portugal Gians footholds

- Portuguese began building small forts and trading posts - They then sailed around the continent establishing more forts, leaving people behind - Portuguese explorers were able to establish trading posts. - They did not have resources they stayed near the coasts not knowing much about africas island. - The Portuguese did not leave a strong legacy in Africa. - Slavery had existed in Africa since ancient times -Europeans thought of slaves as the most important aspect of African trade. - Portuguese joined the profitable slave trade - They bought many slaves to do work on their plantations which are large estates run by an owner or an owner's overseer and to be household servants in the Americas. - African leaders attempted to stop or slow down the transatlantic slave trade, but they were unsuccessful because the trade was too strong for them. - Affonso became the ruler of Kongo and wanted the Portuguese to help him change Kongo. - The slave trade highly impacted the time period of the 1600s- 1700s - The amount of women and men that were lost caused some states in West Africa to permanently disappear - The Asante Kingston was formed in the area occupied by present day Ghana - There was a military leader who won control of the trading city of Kumasi and he conquered neighboring people and unified the Asante Kingdom by claiming that his right to rule came from heaven and that people were linked by spiritual bonds. - Leaders used wealth from the slave trade to build up an impressive army and it used to conquer the neighing kingdom of Dahomey. - The Portuguese power declined in the region and the British, Dutch and French traders took over their forts - By the mid- 1600s, both the British and French had arrived to present day Senegal.

1. Geography Interactions Guided Tour 2. News Seach: Scan the news for articles about turbulence or economic difficulites in Africa. 3. Did any of these problems stem frome vents during the Age of Exploration

How and why did the Portuguese begin exploration in Africa?
 * They set up little cities where they could get things accomplished but didn't stay.

Predict: What would the impact be in South and Southesat Asia?
 * They wont settle, just try and do as much trading as possible and then leave.

You are a European explorer setting up a trading post in Asia. List the preparations that you need to make in order to develop a successful trading post. - Establish people to watch your trading post - Find a good area. - Try an establish a good relationship or figure out a way that they will do what you say. - Make sure you have the resources you need that others want

Think about ways to respond to a bully: Fighting back Pros: You might be victorious if you win Con: You could lose

Negotiating Pros: You could reach an agreement Cons: They will end up doing what they want anyways

Giving In: Pros: Cons: Don't defend yourself

A lot of European countries weren't very nice when they went to South and Southeast Asia and they can only give in.

European Footholds in South & Southeast Asia

- After Vasco da Gama's voyage the Portuguese spread into the Indian Ocean. - By that time the Muslim rulers already established the Mughal rulers - The portuguese took over the island of Goa, which is off the coast of India - This was made into their militart and commerical base. - In less than 50 years the Portuguese had build a trading empire with military and merchant outposts. - The Portuguese lacked resources to make inroads to the region (India) - They made an effort to convert their people to Christianity and by 1600's they converted fewer than a million peple to Christianity. - The Dutch were the first Europeans to challenge Portuguese dmoiation of Asian tade. - The coutry we now know as Netherlands was earlier used for trading purposes - In 1599 the Dutch came back to Amsterdam from being in Asia for over a year. - The btoguh back pepper cloves and other spices. - Netherlands gained a secure foothold in the region after a frenzy of overseas activities. - The Dutch East India Company was formed by a grouped of welathy Dutch merchants. - The company had full sovereigh power, unlike the SPansih and Portuguese ocmpaonis and were powerful from the start. It eventually dominated the region. - Malacca was captured from the Portuguese by the Dutch and opend trade with china. - A monoply was then formed in the spice islands, controlling shipments to Europe as well as trade within Southeast Asia. - The Dutch trading empire declined because of the growing power of England and France. - Spain decided to take over the Philippines because the Dutch and the Portuguese set up pases on the frignes of Asia. - Spain had conquered and colonized all the islands within about 59 years. - They tried to convert everyone to Christianity so they could be utied and become a stronger force. - Mughal India was the cneter of the valuable spice trade and also major in exporting a lot of silk and cotton cloth. No kingdom in Europe was as large, as walthy and as powerful. - Over time the Mughal empire weakened. - By the late 1700's it had used its greath wealth to dominate most of India.

Encounters in East Asia - The Europeans increasing profits in the trade industry led them to trade with the Chinese. - The Chinese had no interest in Europe, and claimed that they owned the world. - The Portuguese traded gold and silver with the Chinese since it was the only thing Europeans had that was of equal value to Chinese porcelain and crafts, metal which was superior to what was found in Europe. - In later years, Christian missioners, primarily Jesuits came to China in hopes of converting the people and teach them about the Renaissance. - Despite their efforts, the missionaries failed to change the Chinese, including Matteo Ricci who was one of the most prestigious Jesuit priest at the time. - In the early 1600's the Ming were conquered by the Manchus people. - After taking control of China the Manchus made Neigin their capital and then established the Qing dynasty which was ruled by a Confucian government. For each high person one Chinese and one Manchu were appointed. - Chinese border were extended, influence spread and peace mantined during the rule of Kangzi and alter b his grandson Quianlong. Silk cotton and porcelain - Korea is invaded by the Japanese and after recovery the Quing come in. - This makes things it hard for the Koreans to warm up to the Europeans. - Japanese welcomed Europeans to trade with. - Shoguns powerful military leaders viewed the Europeans as source of trouble after hearing what went on in other Asian countries. - The Japanese were fed up with this and decided to retaliate.

Conquest in the Americas - In 1492 Christopher columbus landed in the caribbean which is now called the West Indies. - Columbus first meeting with the natives began a cycle. encounter, conquer and death. - When Columbus first arrived in the west indies, he came upon the Tainos. These Taisnos live in little villages and grew crops and cotton. Tehy were very friendly towards the Spanish. Regardless of how nice they were, the Spanish still treated them bad. Columbus's encounter was repeated by a wave of Spanish conquers who arrived in America. They settled in the island of Hispanola. - The spanosh had many advantages over the Nayives. - The spanish had horses which helped them carry things and get around to places. The nayives were afriad of horses because they have never seen them before. - Diseases killed a lot of the natives because they couldn't fight agianst tehe diseases. - So the natvives population went down as much as 90% - From the Caribbean, the spanish exploreres studied the coasts ofAmerica. Tehy told stories about empires rihch in gold. They also told them that there were fierce fighting people there. - Among the earliest conqueror was Hernan Cortes. He was a landowner in Cuba. He heard of the Spanish journeys that had been pushed back the Indians. He ewnt to Mexico in 1519 and met with the Indian woman named Malinche. She told them how she gained power by conwering other groups of people. They arranged an alliance so they agreed to help Cortes fight the Aztecs. - Moctezuma was terrified when he wondered if the leader of the pale- skinned bearded strangers might be Quetzalcoatl. So he sent gifts and other foods. Cortez had no intentions of turning back. - Moctezuma welcoemd Cortes. The relationship between the Aztec and Spanish began to straight. The spanish tried to convert them to Christianity. They imprisoned Moctezuma so Cortez could gain power and gain control of their riches. - Cortez forced moctezuma to sign over his land treasure. - A new Spanish conwer had arrived on the coast to challenge Cortes. - With all this confusion that followed with the various groups the Aztecs drove out the Spanish - Cortez retreated in 1521. His indians cpatured and demolished Tenochtitlan. - Cortes's succes inspired other adventurers. Francisco Pizarro was interested in Peru's Inca empire which had more riches than the Aztecs. He arrived in Peru in 1532 after Athuapla had won the throne from his brother. - Atahualpa reguse to become a Spanish vassal or convert to Christianitiy. Pizzarro with the help of Indians killed ten thousand Incas. The Spanish demanded a ransom for their ruler, they paid it but the Spanish killed him anyway. - Pizarro himself was killed by a rival Spniash faction a few years after he established the city of Lima.

Objectives: - Analyze the results of the first encounters between the Spanish and Native Americas. - Explain how cortes and Pizarro gained control of the Aztec and Incan empires. - Understand the short- term and long- term effects of the Spanish on the peoples of the peoples of the Americas.

Activities - Answer the following questions in your groups: - What were some of the results of the encounters between the Spanish and the Native Americans.
 * Population declined

- How did Cortes and Pizarro gain control of the Aztec and Incan empires?
 * They defeated their leaders

- What were short- term and long term effects of the Spanish on the peopels of the Americas?
 * Short Term: lost riches

Long term: population decreased

Effects of Global Conquest 1) How did European Exploration lead to the Columbian exchange? - After the European went to America, they found a variety of plants and animals which they took back to Europe to show the rulers the prizes of their conquests. Columbus then began to colonize America bringing him plants and animals indigenous to Europe.

2) What was commercial revolution? - The commercial revolution was a period of inflation, which is a sharp increase in prices due to an increase in the amount of money available.

3) What was mercantilism? What impact did it have on European and colonial economies? - Mercantilism is a economic policy that was adopted in order to strengthen national economies. This impact European and colonial economies because they believed in order to build its supply of gold and silver.

Left class early (Football Match)

Phillip II Report Card (1) || Below Average (2) || Average (3) || Above Average (4) || Outstanding (5) ||
 * || Poor
 * Charisma ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Intelligence ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Determination ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Ability to Problem-Solve ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Decision-Making Ability ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Describe the person's leadership style ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Significance to others ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Evidence of Achievements ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Relevance to Contemporary History ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Overall Impact on History ||  ||   ||   || Score: || 41 ||
 * Overall Impact on History ||  ||   ||   || Score: || 41 ||

1. Would the course of history be different is this person had not existed?
 * Yes the course of history would be different because

2. If Phillip II had not existed, could someone else have had the same Accomplishments?

3. Collingwood’s Empathy. What else do you need to know, to get a better understanding of this person’s impact on history? Write three (3) questions you would ask the person in an interview.

1. 2. 3.

4. Was this person a passive or an active agent in history? 5. To what extent was this person’s actions affected by other historical currents?

Louis XIV (1) || Below Average (2) || Average (3) || Above Average (4) || Outstanding (5) ||
 * || Poor
 * Charisma ||  ||   || 3 ||   ||   ||
 * Intelligence ||  ||   || 3 ||   ||   ||
 * Determination ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Ability to Problem-Solve ||  ||   || 3 ||   ||   ||
 * Decision-Making Ability ||  ||   || 3 ||   ||   ||
 * Describe the person's leadership style ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Significance to others ||  ||   || 3 ||   ||   ||
 * Evidence of Achievements ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Relevance to Contemporary History ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Overall Impact on History ||  ||   ||   || Score: || 32 ||
 * Overall Impact on History ||  ||   ||   || Score: || 32 ||

1. Would the course of history be different is this person had not existed?

2. If Phillip II had not existed, could someone else have had the same Accomplishments?

3. Collingwood’s Empathy. What else do you need to know, to get a better understanding of this person’s impact on history? Write three (3) questions you would ask the person in an interview.

1. 2. 3.

4. Was this person a passive or an active agent in history? 5. To what extent was this person’s actions affected by other historical currents?

Thomas Hobbes (1) || Below Average (2) || Average (3) || Above Average (4) || Outstanding (5) ||
 * || Poor
 * Charisma ||  ||   || 3 ||   ||   ||
 * Intelligence ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Determination ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Ability to Problem-Solve ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Decision-Making Ability ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Describe the person's leadership style ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Significance to others ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Evidence of Achievements ||  ||   || 3 ||   ||   ||
 * Relevance to Contemporary History ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Overall Impact on History ||  ||   ||   || Score: || 36 ||

John Locke (1) || Below Average (2) || Average (3) || Above Average (4) || Outstanding (5) ||
 * || Poor
 * Charisma ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Intelligence ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Determination ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Ability to Problem-Solve ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Decision-Making Ability ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Describe the person's leadership style ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Significance to others ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Evidence of Achievements ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Relevance to Contemporary History ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Overall Impact on History ||  ||   ||   || Score: || 39 ||
 * Overall Impact on History ||  ||   ||   || Score: || 39 ||

Thomas Jefferson

(1) || Below Average (2) || Average (3) || Above Average (4) || Outstanding (5) ||
 * || Poor
 * Charisma ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Intelligence ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Determination ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Ability to Problem-Solve ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Decision-Making Ability ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Describe the person's leadership style ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Significance to others ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Evidence of Achievements ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Relevance to Contemporary History ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Overall Impact on History ||  ||   ||   || Score: || 42 ||
 * Overall Impact on History ||  ||   ||   || Score: || 42 ||